Benefícios do uso da bola suíça em gestantes na assistência ao parto de baixo risco / Benefits of using the Swiss ball in pregnant women in low-risk birth care

Objetivo: Identificar as evidências científicas sobre os benefícios do uso da bola suíça em gestantes na assistência ao parto de baixo risco. Métodos: Revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada nas bases de dados Medline/PubMed, LILACS via BVS e biblioteca Scielo para responder à questão norteadora: Quais os benefícios do uso da bola suíça em gestantes na assistência ao parto de baixo risco? As buscas ocorreram entre março e abril de 2022, utilizando os descritores "gestantes", "terapia por exercício", "trabalho de parto", "parto normal". Após os cruzamentos desses descritores, identificaram-se 230 artigos, que ao aplicar os critérios de elegibilidade, restaram dez estudos, avaliados e elegíveis para a revisão. Na extração dos dados elaborou-se um instrumento para coleta. Resultados: 10 estudos foram elegíveis após seleção. Destes, a maior parte (8) desenvolvidos no Brasil (1) China e (1) em Taiwan. O periódico de maior frequência das publicações foi Acta Paulista de Enfermagem (3). Quanto ao ano de publicação o ano com menos publicações foi 2012 (1), seguido 2013 (2), 2019 (2). Quanto ao delineamento o tipo ensaio clinico prevaleceu nas publicações (5). Conclusão: esta revisão aponta benefícios do uso da bola suíça como instrumento de trabalho que pode favorecer a assistência ao parto de baixo risco evidenciando ser uma alternativa viável para profissionais nesse campo de atuação.(AU)

To identify the scientific evidence on the benefits of using the Swiss ball in pregnant women in low-risk childbirth care. Methods: Integrative literature review, carried out in Medline/PubMed, LILACS via VHL and Scielo library databases to answer the guiding question: What are the benefits of using the Swiss ball in pregnant women in low-risk childbirth care? The searches took place between March and April 2022, using the descriptors "pregnant women", "exercise therapy", "labor", "normal delivery". After crossing these descriptors, 230 articles were identified, which, when applying the eligibility criteria, left ten studies, evaluated and eligible for the review. In the data extraction, a collection instrument was elaborated. Results: 10 studies were eligible after selection. Of these, most (8) developed in Brazil (1) China and (1) Taiwan. The journal with the highest frequency of publications was Acta Paulista de Enfermagem (3). As for the year of publication, the year with the fewest publications was 2012 (1), followed by 2013 (2), 2019 (2). As for the design, the clinical trial type prevailed in the publications (5). Conclusion: this review points out the benefits of using the Swiss ball as a work tool that can favor low-risk childbirth care, showing that it is a viable alternative for professionals in this field.(AU)

Objetivo: Identificar la evidencia científica sobre los beneficios del uso del balón suizo para gestantes en la atención al parto de bajo riesgo. Métodos: Revisión bibliográfica integradora, realizada en las bases de datos Medline/PubMed, LILACS vía BVS y biblioteca Scielo para responder a la pregunta guía: ¿Cuáles son los beneficios del uso del balón suizo para gestantes en la atención al parto de bajo riesgo? Las búsquedas se realizaron entre marzo y abril de 2022, utilizando los descriptores "pregnant women", "exercise therapy", "labour", "normal delivery". Tras cruzar estos descriptores, se identificaron 230 artículos y, una vez aplicados los criterios de elegibilidad, quedaron diez estudios, que fueron evaluados y elegibles para la revisión. Para extraer los datos, se elaboró una herramienta de recogida de datos. Resultados: Tras la selección, 10 estudios fueron elegibles. De ellos, la mayoría (8) se realizaron en Brasil (1) China y (1) Taiwán. La revista más frecuentemente publicada fue Acta Paulista de Enfermagem (3). En cuanto al año de publicación, el año con menos publicaciones fue 2012 (1), seguido de 2013 (2), 2019 (2). En cuanto al diseño, el tipo de ensayo clínico prevaleció en las publicaciones (5). Conclusión: Esta revisión señala los beneficios del uso del balón suizo como herramienta de trabajo que puede favorecer la atención al parto de bajo riesgo, mostrándose como una alternativa viable para los profesionales de este ámbito.(AU)

FETAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY AS A ROUTINE ANTENATAL SCREENING TOOL FOR DETECTION OF FETAL CONGENITAL CARDIAC STRUCTURAL ANOMALIES.

Background: Fetal echocardiography plays a pivotal role in detecting congenital cardiac structural anomalies. Though foetal echocardiography is mostly reserved for high risk pregnant women, its role as a routine prenatal screening tool needs to be dened. To evaluate the role of fetal echocardiography as a routine Objectives: antenatal screening tool for detection of congenital cardiac structural anomalies.To compare the prevalence of congenital cardiac structural anomalies by fetal echocardiography in antenatal women with low risk and high risk factors for cardiac structural anomalies. The study was carried out in the department of radiodiagnosis, SNMC, Agra. Materials and methods: 500 fetal hearts between 18-26 weeks gestation were evaluated through fetal echocardiography.They were categorised into two groups -low risk (Group I) and high risk (Group II) and scanned through four chamber , LVOT , RVOT and three vessel view. Result: The prevalence of fetal congenital cardiac structural anomalies in this study is 14/1000.Fetal echocardiography had a sensitivity of 85% & specicity of 99%. PPV is 85% and NPV is 99%. The incidence of congenital cardiac structural anomalies in high risk and low risk group was 12 % & 14.8 % per 1,000 respectively. based on these ndings it is highly Conclusion: suggestive that every pregnant woman should be subjected to a detailed fetal echocardiography. Fetal echocardiography should be included as a part of routine antenatal screening irrespective of risk factors for congenital cardiac structural anomalies.

Facteurs associés à la césarienne en salle de travail chez les patientes à bas risque périnatal, "cas de l'hôpital général de référence Bonzola" à Mbujimayi (RDC) / Associated factors of cesarean section in workroom in patients with Low perinatal risk "case of the Bonzola Reference General Hospital

Contexte et objectifs : La césarienne est une intervention de plus en plus pratiquée en obstétrique pour sauver les vies. Les objectifs de cette étude étaient d'identifier les facteurs associés à la décision de césarienne en salle de travail et de déterminer les conduites thérapeutiques et obstétricales qui peuvent augmenter la probabilité d'accoucher par voie haute. Méthodes : Il s'agissait d'une étude castémoins réalisée dans le service de gynéco-obstétrique de l'Hôpital Général de Bonzola (HGR) à Mbujimayi du premier Mai 2020 au 30 Avril 2021. La population cible était constituée de toutes les parturientes à bas risque. Le modèle de régression logistique sur logiciel épi-info 7 a été utilisé pour la détermination des facteurs prédictifs d'indication de la césarienne chez les parturientes. Résultats : Les indications de la césarienne étaient dominées parla dilatation stationnaire avec 56,2% de cas et l'ARCF avec16,7% de cas ; un Apgar≤ 3 et un poids de naissance ≥ 4000g ont été retenus comme caractéristiques néonatales essentielles de la césarienne en cours de travail. Après analyse multivariée par régression logistique, un score de Bishop ˂ 6 avec col défavorable, unedilatation ˂ 3 cm à l'admission et une thérapeutique faite à l'ocytocine, rupture artificielle des membranes et G10% pendant le travail étaient des éléments identifiés comme facteurs de risque de la césarienne en cours du travail. Conclusion : Certains facteurs permettent de prédire le risque de césarienne chez les parturientes à faible risque obstétrical. La connaissance de ces facteurs de risque peut permettre aux praticiens de le prévenir ou de mieux préparer les patientes à affronter cette intervention.

Background and Objectives: Cesarean section is an increasingly common life-saving procedure in obstetrics. The objectives of this study were to identify the factors associated with the decision to perform a cesarean section in the labor room and to determine the therapeutic and obstetric practices that can increase the probability of giving birth by high way. Methods: This was a case-control study conducted in the gynecology-obstetrics department of the General Hospital of Bonzola (HGR) in Mbujimayi from May 1, 2020 to April 30, 2021. The target population consisted of all low-risk parturients. The logistic regression model on epi-info 7.2.0 software was used to determine the predictive factors for the indication of caesarean section among parturients. Results: Indications for cesarean section were dominated by stationary dilatation with 56.2% of cases and ARCF with16.7% of cases; an Apgar≤ 3 and a birth weight ≥ 4000g were retained as essential neonatal characteristics for cesarean section in labor. After multivariate analysis by logistic regression, a Bishop score ˂ 6 with unfavorable cervix,dilatation ˂ 3 cm on admission, and therapy done with oxytocin, artificial rupture of membranes, and G10% during labor were identified as risk factors for cesarean section in labor. Conclusion: Certain factors predict the risk of cesarean section in parturients at low obstetrical risk. Knowledge of these risk factors may allow practitioners to prevent it or to better prepare patients for this procedure.

Comparative HPV genotype distribution among women with normal and abnormal cervical cytology in Yaoundé, Cameroon

Background: The epidemiology of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the pattern of HPV genotype distribution are parameters needed to assess the risk of cervical cancer. Oncogenic HPV types are well-known pathogen for lower genital tract neoplasias, representing the primary cause of cancer death in Africa and the second in Cameroon. This study was conducted to identify the various genotypes particularly the high-risk HPV types in normal and abnormal cervical cytology from women in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Methodology: This was a hospital-based, analytical cross-sectional study carried out on 226 symptomatic women wherein cervico-vaginal samples were obtained during gynaecological examination for Pap smears, HPV-DNA and genotype detection with linear array HPV strip, conducted from November 2019 to January 2021. Results: From the 226 women whose cervical samples were collected for Pap smears, 71 (31.4%) had abnormal cytology results while 155 (68.6%) had normal results. The overall HPV prevalence in the study population was 34.1% (77/226). The HPV prevalence in women with abnormal Pap smears was 100% (71/71) and are distributed in following descending order; LSIL (21.1%, 15/71), HSIL (21.1%, 15/71), ASC-US (19.7%, 14/71), ICC (19.7%, 14/71) and others (18.4%, 13/71). HPV-DNA was positive in 6 (3.9%) of the 155 women with normal cytology results, 4 (2.6%) of whom were high-risk HPV. There is statistically significant difference in the HPV prevalence between women with abnormal and normal Pap smear results (OR=3289, 95% CI=182.62-59235, p<0.0001). The frequently identified oncogenic HPV types were type 16 (31.2%, 24/77), type 45 (14.3%, 11/77) and type 18 (10.4%, 8/77). Conclusion: It is evident from our study that symptomatic women with normal Pap smear can have HR-HPV infection and should therefore be screened for HPV and followed up with periodic Pap smears to detect any abnormal change in cervical cytology results, to prevent cervical cancer development. Women should be encouraged to take up cervical screening, through Pap smears, because it is a non-invasive and cost-effective method for early detection of preinvasive lesions

Clinical Presentation, Treatment Outcomes, and Resistance-related Factors in South American Women with Low-risk Postmolar Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia / Apresentação clínica, resultados do tratamento e fatores relacionados à resistência em mulheres sul-americanas com neoplasia trofoblástica gestacional pós-molar de baixo risco

Abstract Objective There are few multinational studies on gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) treatment outcomes in South America. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical presentation, treatment outcomes, and factors associated with chemoresistance in low-risk postmolar GTN treated with first-line single-agent chemotherapy in three South American centers. Methods Multicentric, historical cohort study including women with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO)-staged low-risk postmolar GTN attending centers in Argentina, Brazil, and Colombia between 1990 and 2014. Data were obtained on patient characteristics, disease presentation, and treatment response. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between clinical factors and resistance to first-line single-agent treatment. A multivariate analysis of the clinical factors significant in univariate analysis was performed. Results A total of 163 women with low-risk GTN were included in the analysis. The overall rate of complete response to first-line chemotherapy was 80% (130/163). The rates of complete response to methotrexate or actinomycin-D as first-line treatment, and actinomycin-D as second-line treatment postmethotrexate failure were 79% (125/157), 83% (⅚), and 70% (23/33), respectively. Switching to second-line treatment due to chemoresistance occurred in 20.2% of cases (33/163). The multivariate analysis demonstrated that patients with a 5 to 6 FIGO risk score were 4.2-fold more likely to develop resistance to first-line single-agent treatment (p= 0.019). Conclusion 1) At presentation, most women showed clinical characteristics favorable to a good outcome, 2) the overall rate of sustained complete remission after first-line single-agent treatment was comparable to that observed in developed countries, 3) a FIGO risk score of 5 or 6 is associated with development of resistance to first-line single-agent chemotherapy.

Resumo Objetivo Existem poucos estudos multinacionais sobre os resultados do tratamento da neoplasia trofoblástica gestacional (NTG) na América do Sul. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a apresentação clínica, os resultados do tratamento e os fatores associados a casos de quimiorresistência em NTG pós-molar de baixo risco tratados com quimioterapia de agente único de primeira linha em três centros sul-americanos. Métodos Estudo multicêntrico de coorte histórica incluindo mulheres com NTG pós-molar de baixo risco com estadiamento International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) em centros de atendimento na Argentina, Brasil e Colômbia entre 1990 e 2014. Foram obtidos dados sobre as características do paciente, apresentação da doença e resposta ao tratamento. A regressão logística foi usada para avaliar a relação entre fatores clínicos e resistência ao tratamento de primeira linha com agente único. Foi realizada uma análise multivariada dos fatores clínicos significativos na análise univariada. Resultados Cento e sessenta e três mulheres com NTG de baixo risco foram incluídas na análise. A taxa global de resposta completa à quimioterapia de primeira linha foi de 80% (130/163). As taxas de resposta completa ao metotrexato ou actinomicina-D como tratamento de primeira linha e actinomicina-D como tratamento de segunda linha após falha do metotrexato foram 79% (125/157), 83% (⅚) e 70% (23/33), respectivamente. A mudança para o tratamento de segunda linha por quimiorresistência ocorreu em 20,2% dos casos (33/163). A análise multivariada demonstrou que pacientes com pontuação de risco FIGO de 5 a 6 foram 4,2 vezes mais propensos a desenvolver resistência ao tratamento com agente único de primeira linha (p= 0,019). Conclusão 1) Na apresentação, a maioria das mulheres demonstrou características clínicas favoráveis a um bom resultado, 2) a taxa geral de remissão completa sustentada após o tratamento de primeira linha com agente único foi comparável à de países desenvolvidos, 3) um escore de risco FIGO de 5 ou 6 está associado ao desenvolvimento de resistência à quimioterapia de agente único de primeira linha.

The comparison of survival between active surveillance or watchful waiting and focal therapy for low-risk prostate cancer: a real-world study from the SEER database / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

To reduce treatment-related side effects in low-risk prostate cancer (PCa), both focal therapy and deferred treatments, including active surveillance (AS) and watchful waiting (WW), are worth considering over radical prostatectomy (RP). Therefore, this study aimed to compare long-term survival outcomes between focal therapy and AS/WW. Data were obtained and analyzed from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Patients with low-risk PCa who received focal therapy or AS/WW from 2010 to 2016 were included. Focal therapy included cryotherapy and laser ablation. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare overall mortality (OM) and cancer-specific mortality (CSM) between AS/WW and focal therapy, and propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to reduce the influence of bias and unmeasured confounders. A total of 19 292 patients with low-risk PCa were included in this study. In multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analysis, the risk of OM was higher in patients receiving focal therapy than those receiving AS/WW (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.79, P = 0.037), whereas no significant difference was found in CSM (HR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.23-4.11, P = 0.977). After PSM, the OM and CSM of focal therapy and AS/WW showed no significant differences (HR = 1.26, 95% CI: 0.92-1.74, P = 0.149; and HR = 1.26, 95% CI: 0.24-6.51, P = 0.782, respectively). For patients with low-risk PCa, focal therapy was no match for AS/WW in decreasing OM, suggesting that AS/WW could bring more overall survival benefits.

Prognostic value of mid-regional proadrenomedullin in low-risk patients with sepsis / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of mid-regional proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM) on poor prognosis of low-risk patients with sepsis.Methods:This was a prospective cohort study. Patients with sepsis admitted to the Emergency Intensive Care Unit of China Rehabilitation Research Center from December 2018 to December 2020 were included in this study. The patients were divided into the low-risk group (SOFA≤7) and medium-high-risk group (SOFA>7) according to the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, and the clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared. Proportional hazards regression model (COX regression model) was used to investigate the risk factors of 28-day mortality in the low-risk and medium-high-risk group. The predictive ability of MR-proADM, C-reactive protein (CRP), lactic acid (Lac), interleukin-6 (IL-6), SOFA score, and acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ (APACHE Ⅱ) score for the prognosis in each group was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The outcomes of patients with different concentration of MR-proADM in the low-risk group were compared.Results:Totally 205 patients with sepsis were included, and the 28-day mortality was 41.0% (84/205). There were significant differences in the number of organ dysfunction, acute kidney injury, use of vasoactive drugs, Lac, IL-6, SOFA score and APACHEⅡ score between the two groups ( P<0.05). Cox regression model showed that age, MR-proADM, mechanical ventilation, IL-6 and APACHEⅡ score were the risk factors of 28-day death in the low-risk group, while MR-proADM, Lac, SOFA score and APACHEⅡ score were the risk factors of 28-day mortality in the medium-high-risk group. In each group, MR-proADM had a good predictive ability for the prognosis of patients with sepsis ( P<0.001). Especially in low-risk patients with sepsis, the predictive ability of MR-proADM was better than other indicators. Kaplan-Meier survival curve suggested that the patients with MR-proADM >2.53 nmol/L had worse prognosis than those with MR-proADM ≤2.53 nmol/L, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.001). In the low-risk group, the mortality of patients increased from 7.8% to 58.2% if MR-proADM >2.53 nmol/L. Conclusions:MR-proADM is a risk factor for 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis, and MR-proADM can early identify the poor prognosis of low-risk patients with sepsis.

Active surveillance for low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: A single center prospective observation study / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility, safety and effectiveness of the active surveillance as an alternative to surgery in patients with low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma(PTMC); And to explore potential surgical indicators based on characteristics of patients and medical environment.Methods:A prospective cohort study was conducted in patients with low risk PTMC and received active surveillance management( n=98). Patient adherence, non-progression surgery rates were described, cumulative incidence of tumor growth≥3 mm and tumor volume increase≥50% under ultrasonic monitoring, as well as tumor doubling rate(TDR) were evaluated. Results:A total of 98 patients were enrolled in this prospective cohort. The median age was 39(30, 45) years, and the median baseline diameter of the index tumors was 5.0(3.8, 6.8) mm, with 63.3% of tumors being≤5 mm. After a median 22(12, 44) months follow-up, tumor size growth≥3 mm and tumor volume increase≥50% occurred in 11(11.2%) and 50(51.0%) patients, and no new lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and death occurred. Five cases(5.1%) required delayed surgery, and other five non-progression patients opted in surgery based on their own preferences. One patient lost to follow-up. The median post-tumor progression TDRs was significantly lower than that of pre-tumor progression TDRs [size growth per year: -0.09(-0.12, 0.48) vs 0.91(0.86, 1.25), P=0.014, n=8; volume increase per year: 0.29(-0.14, 0.70) vs 1.04(0.66, 2.17), P<0.001, n=39]. After tumor size and volume progression, 62.5% and 43.6% of tumors were remained stable or shrank, respectively. Conclusions:Actived surveillance can be considered as one of the management strategies for low-risk PTMC. Given the differences in population and clinical characteristics, it should be taken in to consideration in developing active surveillance management, such as candidate criteria, follow-up strategies, and intervention indications.

Vigilancia activa en carcinoma papilar tiroideo de bajo riesgo (parte I): concepto, epidemiología y situación actual en el mundo

Resumen En las últimas décadas, la creciente identificación de nódulos tiroideos ha dado lugar a un incremento dramático en el diagnóstico y tasa de incidencia del cáncer de tiroides, sin embargo, su mortalidad se ha mantenido estable. La mayor fracción de este incremento es atribuible al creciente uso de tecnologías de diagnóstico, que ha identificado un número cada vez mayor de cánceres papilares de tiroides (CPT), en su gran mayoría pequeños y de bajo riesgo clínico. La mayoría de estos tumores no generarán morbilidad o mortalidad a pesar de no ser tratados. La práctica clínica ha evolucionado hacia un tratamiento menos agresivo de los CPTs. La vigilancia activa (VA) ha surgido como una nueva alternativa terapéutica dentro del algoritmo de tratamiento, que tiene como objetivo reconocer a un potencial grupo minoritario de pacientes en quienes sus carcinomas papilares tiroideos sí progresarán clínicamente y, por lo tanto, en ellos un tratamiento quirúrgico resulte en mayor beneficio que perjuicio. En esta revisión nos planteamos como objetivo describir la epidemiología del carcinoma papilar tiroideo, el concepto de vigilancia activa en esta área y los resultados clínicos obtenidos mediante este abordaje terapéutico en las distintas experiencias realizadas en el mundo hasta la fecha.

Abstract In recent decades, the increasing identification of thyroid nodules has led to a dramatic increase in the diagnosis and incidence rate of thyroid cancer. However, their mortality has remained stable. The largest fraction of this increase is attributable to the growing use of diagnostic technologies, which has identified an increasing number of mostly small, low clinical risk papillary thyroid cancers (PTC). Most of these tumors will not generate morbidity or mortality despite being untreated. Clinical practice has evolved towards a less aggressive treatment of PTC's. Active surveillance (AS) has emerged as a new therapeutic alternative within the treatment algorithm, which aims to recognize a potential minority group of patients in whom their thyroid papillary carcinoma will progress clinically, and therefore in whom surgical treatment will result in greater benefit than harm. In this review we aim to describe the epidemiology of papillary thyroid carcinoma, the concept of active surveillance in this area and the clinical results obtained by this therapeutic approach in the different experiences carried out in the world until now.

Vigilancia activa en carcinoma papilar tiroideo de bajo riesgo (parte II): historia de progresión de la enfermedad, calidad de vida y costo-efectividad

Resumen El aumento dramático en la incidencia del cáncer de tiroides de las últimas décadas, el cual se debe principalmente a la mayor detección de microcarcinomas papilares de tiroides (MCPT), ha generado un aumento considerable de los costos asociados a la atención del cáncer de tiroides. A pesar de este aumento de la incidencia a nivel mundial, la mortalidad asociada a estos tumores se ha mantenido sin cambios significativos. En consecuencia, varios grupos de investigadores han sugerido que se ha producido un sobrediagnóstico y un sobretratamiento de los carcinomas papilares de tiroides (CPT) de bajo riesgo. La vigilancia activa (VA) ha surgido como una nueva alternativa terapéutica para estos tumores, con excelentes resultados oncológicos, menores tasas de complicaciones y que podría ayudar a reducir los costos económicos. No obstante, a pesar de los alentadores resultados de la VA, su implementación en la práctica depende de muchos aspectos entre los cuales se encuentran las características radiológicas del tumor, las características clínicas del paciente, factores psicosociales y socioeconómicos. En esta revisión nos enfocaremos en describir la evidencia acumulada hasta la fecha respecto de la historia natural de la cinética del CPT, costo-efectividad de VA, y las limitaciones actuales para su implementación.

Abstract The dramatic increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer in recent decades, which is primarily due to increased detection of papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (PTCM), has led to a significant increase in the costs associated with thyroid cancer care. Despite this increase in the worldwide incidence, the mortality associated with these tumors has remained unchanged. Consequently, several groups of researchers have suggested that low-risk papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) have been overdiagnosed and overtreated. Active surveillance (AS) has emerged as a new therapeutic alternative for these tumors, with excellent oncological results, lower complication rates, and which could help reduce economic costs. However, despite the encouraging results of AS, its implementation in practice depends on many aspects including the radiological characteristics of the tumor, the clinical characteristics of the patient, psychosocial factors and socioeconomic factors. In this review we will focus on describing the evidence accumulated to date regarding the natural history of PTC kinetics, cost effectiveness of VA, and current limitations to its implementation.

An interpretation of the 2-year follow-up results of Evolut Low Risk research / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become a well-established treatment for patients with severe aortic stenosis. At present, TAVR has already shown noninferiority and even superiority to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in patients deemed at high or intermediate risk for SAVR. However, the long-term follow-up results of the randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy and safety between TAVR and SAVR are still lacking in those patients who are at low risk for SAVR. This paper gives an overview and reviews results of the Evolut Low Risk trial and interprets its implications for transcatheter therapy in aortic valve diseases.

Detecting the extent of control over selection bias relating to oral health and otorhinolaryngology: cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The authors of randomized controlled trials will usually claim that they have met the randomization process criterion. However, sequence generation schemes differ and some schemes that are claimed to be randomized are not genuinely randomized. Even less well understood, and often more difficult to ascertain, is whether the allocation was really concealed. OBJECTIVE: To detect the extent of control over selection bias, in a comparison between two Cochrane groups: oral health and otorhinolaryngology; and to describe the methods used to control for this bias. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted in a public university in São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: The risk of selection bias in 1,714 records indexed in Medline database up to 2018 was assessed, independent of language and access. Two dimensions implicated in the allocation were considered: generation of the allocation sequence; and allocation concealment. RESULTS: We included 420 randomized controlled trials and all of them were evaluated to detect selection bias. In the sample studied, only 28 properly controlled the selection bias. Lack of control over selection bias was present in 80% of the studies evaluated in both groups. CONCLUSION: The two groups were similar regarding control over selection bias. They are also similar to the methods used. The dimension of allocation concealment appears to be a limiting factor with regard to production of randomized controlled trials with low risk of selection bias. The quality of reporting in studies on oral health and otorhinolaryngology is suboptimal and needs to be improved, in line with other fields of healthcare.

Papillary Microcarcinoma of Thyroid- A Clinicopathological Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India

The incidence of papillary carcinoma of thyroid has shown an increase in the last few decades. One contributing factor is the identification of Papillary Microcarcinoma of thyroid. Papillary Microcarcinoma is defined as a papillary carcinoma which is ≤ 10 mm in size in the greatest dimension. Though it is associated with excellent prognosis, controversies still exist regarding the treatment and follow up of these patients.METHODSThis study is a retrospective study done in a tertiary care hospital in South India over a period of one year from July 2016 to June 2017. All surgically removed thyroid specimens submitted to the Pathology Department of the hospital were studied. The demographic details, clinical features, ultrasound and other imaging studies were obtained from the medical records. The FNAC findings, gross features of surgically removed thyroid and histopathological findings of these thyroid specimens were recorded and analysed. The records of the follow up of these patients were obtained from the corresponding clinical department.RESULTSAmong the 486 thyroid samples received, 59 (12.13%) were malignant tumours of the thyroid, out of which Papillary carcinoma was seen in 50 cases (84.7%) including 11 cases of Papillary Microcarcinoma constituting 18.6% of all thyroid malignancies and 2.26% of thyroidectomies during the study period. Mean age of patients with PMC was 43.9 with a female: male ratio of 10:1. 10 cases were incidental PMC, while one was suspected to be papillary carcinoma on ultrasound examination and FNAC. Only one patient showed high risk features of multifocality, extrathyroidal extension and lymph node metastases. Hence she was given RAI. All patients were followed up. No recurrence has been noted in the two year period of follow up.CONCLUSIONSPapillary Microcarcinoma is being increasingly diagnosed, most of them being incidental. Hence thorough histopathological examination is mandatory to identify these lesions. Though PMC has an excellent prognosis, aggressive treatment may be required in patients with high risk features including nonincidental, lymph node metastasis, multifocality, and extra-thyroid extension.

Cause-of-death analysis in low-risk cardiac surgery patients during postoperative period / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To analyze the cause of death in low-risk cardiac surgery patients during postoperative period and discuss the prevention and treatment methods to increase the survival rate. Methods    We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 132 patients dead after cardiac surgery from January 2014 to December 2018, among whom 35 patients had a EuroSCORE Ⅱ score <4% (low-risk cardiac surgery patients), including 20 males and 15 females aged 62.7±13.4 years. The cause of death in these low-risk patients was analyzed. Results    The main causes of death were cardiogenic and brain-derived causes (60.0%), and infections and ogran failure (45.7%). Pulmonary infection and low cardiac output after surgery were the main causes of death. Cerebral infarction, malignant arrhythmia and multiple organ failure were the common causes of death. There were 4 deaths (11.4%) caused by accidents, including gastrointestinal bleeding caused by esophageal ultrasound probe, cough and asphyxia caused by drinking water, postoperative paralytic ileus and multiple perioperative allergic reactions caused by allergic constitution. Conclusion    Postoperative treatment and prevention for low-risk cardiac surgery patients should be focused on postoperative infection, and cardiac and brain function protection. Changes in various organ functions need to be closely monitored for preventing organ failure, accidents should be strictly controlled, and more details of intraoperative and postoperative treatment still need to be further improved.

Lo mejor del Congreso Virtual ACC/WCC 2020 / The best of the 2020 ACC/WCC Virtual Congress / O melhor do Congresso Virtual ACC/WCC 2020

Resumen: La pandemia generada por el SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus) ha constituido un desafío mundial. En momentos de dificultad como los que se han presentado recientemente, es aún más necesaria la investigación para avanzar en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las diferentes patologías. Utilizando el amplio desarrollo de los medios de comunicación, este año el Congreso del Colegio Americano de Cardiología (ACC por su sigla en inglés) se celebró del 28 al 30 de marzo en un formato virtual, permitiendo a profesionales de todo el mundo acceder a múltiples actividades científicas con el mismo nivel de excelencia que en las sesiones presenciales. Realizaremos un breve resumen de alguno de los principales trabajos científicos presentados: - Tailored Antiplatelet Initiation to Lessen Outcomes Due to Decreased Clopidogrel Response after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: TAILOR-PCI. - Rivaroxaban in Peripheral Artery Disease after Revascularization: VOYAGER PAD trial. - Vericiguat in Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction: VICTORIA Study Group. - The Evolut Low Risk Bicuspid Study. - PARTNER 3. Two-year clinical and echocardiographic outcomes. - Ticagrelor with and without Aspirin in Acute Coronary Syndrome After PCI: the TICO Trial - Apixaban for the Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism Associated with Cancer: Caravaggio trial. - Ten-year Outcomes After Drug-eluting Stents Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting for Left Main Coronary Disease: Extended Follow Up of the PRECOMBAT Trial. - Anticoagulation with or without Clopidogrel after Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Implantation: POPular TAVI.

Summary The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been a global challenge. In times of difficulty such as those that have recently arisen, research is even more necessary to advance in the diagnosis and treatment of different pathologies. Using the extensive development of the media, this year the American Congress of Cardiology was held from March 28 to 30 in a virtual format, allowing professionals from around the world to access multiple scientific activities with the same level of excellence as in face-to-face sessions. We will make a brief summary of some of the main scientific papers presented: - Tailored Antiplatelet Initiation to Lessen Outcomes Due to Decreased Clopidogrel Response after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: TAILOR-PCI. - Rivaroxaban in Peripheral Artery Disease after Revascularization: VOYAGER PAD trial:. - Vericiguat in Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction: VICTORIA Study Group. - The Evolut Low Risk Bicuspid Study. - PARTNER 3. Two-year clinical and echocardiographic outcomes. - Ticagrelor with and without Aspirin in Acute Coronary Syndrome After PCI: the TICO Trial. - Apixaban for the Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism Associated with Cancer: Caravaggio trial. - Ten-year Outcomes After Drug-eluting Stents Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting for Left Main Coronary Disease: Extended Follow Up of the PRECOMBAT Trial. - Anticoagulation with or without Clopidogrel after Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Implantation: POPular TAVI.

Resumo: A pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 tem sido um desafio global. Em tempos de dificuldade como os que surgiram recentemente, a pesquisa é ainda mais necessária para avançar no diagnóstico e tratamento de diferentes patologias. Utilizando o amplo desenvolvimento da mídia, este ano o Congresso Americano de Cardiologia foi realizado de 28 ao 30 de março em um formato virtual, permitindo que profissionais de todo o mundo acessassem diversas atividades científicas com o mesmo nível de excelência que nas sessões presenciais. Faremos um breve resumo de alguns dos principais trabalhos científicos apresentados: - Tailored Antiplatelet Initiation to Lessen Outcomes Due to Decreased Clopidogrel Response after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: TAILOR - PCI. - Rivaroxaban in Peripheral Artery Disease after Revascularization: VOYAGER PAD trial. - Vericiguat in Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction: VICTORIA Study Group. - The Evolut Low Risk Bicuspid Study. - PARTNER 3. Two-year clinical and echocardiographic outcomes. - Ticagrelor with and without Aspirin in Acute Coronary Syndrome After PCI: the TICO Trial. - Apixaban for the Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism Associated with Cancer: Caravaggio trial. - Ten-year Outcomes After Drug-eluting Stents Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting for Left Main Coronary Disease: Extended Follow Up of the PRECOMBAT Trial. - Anticoagulation with or without Clopidogrel after Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Implantation: POPular TAVI.

Active surveillance in papillary thyroid carcinoma: not easily accepted but possible in Latin America

ABSTRACT Objectives To determine the percentage of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) who accepted active surveillance as an alternative to surgery in our clinical practice and to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with Bethesda category V and VI thyroid nodules who chose active surveillance. Subjects and methods We included 136 PTC patients from the Hospital de Clínicas, University of Buenos Aires without (i) US extrathyroidal extension, (ii) tumors adjacent to the recurrent laryngeal nerve or trachea, and/or (iii) US regional lymph-node metastasis or clinical distant metastasis. PTC progression was defined as the presence of i) a tumor larger than ≥ 3 mm, ii) novel appearance of lymph-node metastasis, and iii) serum thyroglobulin doubling time in less than one year. For patients with these features, surgery was recommended. Results Only 34 (25%) of 136 patients eligible for active surveillance accepted this approach, and around 10% of those who accepted abandoned it due to anxiety. The frequency of patients with tumor enlargement was 17% after a median of 4.6 years of follow-up without any evidence of nodal or distant metastases. Ten patients who underwent surgical treatment after a median time of 4 years of active surveillance (AS) had no evidence of disease after a median of 3.8 years of follow-up after surgery. Conclusion Although not easily accepted in our cohort of patients, AS would be safe and easily applicable in experienced centers.

Neonatal Intensive Care Unit-based screening program for retinopathy of prematurity and its treatment in an Indian population

Purpose: The purpose was to study the incidence, risk factors, and anatomical outcomes after laser treatment in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods: A retrospective observational study was carried out. Infants admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of 12 referral hospitals between April 2016 and September 2017 were screened according to the latest Indian guidelines based on the International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity. Results: The incidence of ROP in 1648 eyes screened was 25.36% (418 eyes), out of which high-risk prethreshold ROP (type 1) was observed in 9.95% (164 eyes). Decreased hemoglobin (P < 0.001), oxygen requirement (P = 0.008), and number of blood transfusions (P = 0.037) were significant with type 1 than type 2 (low-risk prethreshold) ROP. Stages 1, 2, and 3 were observed in 82 (32.28%), 154 (60.62%), and 18 (7.08%) eyes, respectively. Aggressive posterior ROP (APROP) was observed in 20.73% eyes with type 1 ROP. Ten eyes showing APROP were treated at an early gestational age of 29 weeks. All infants with type 1 ROP were treated with laser photocoagulation only. Conclusion: One-fourth of the infants showed ROP and one-tenth needed laser photocoagulation, the outcome of which was excellent. Risk factors predisposing to ROP were anemia, high oxygen supplementation, increased number of blood transfusions, and septicemia. ROP screening in infants ?1700 g birth weight associated with various systemic risk factors may be beneficial in the Indian population.

Correlation of admission labour admission test in low risk pregnancies with pregnancy outcome

Background: Aim of the study was to evaluate the role of NST (labour admission test) as a screening method in management of low risk pregnancies and to study the correlation of NST with fetal outcome.Methods: A prospective observational study conducted over 500 patients managed at our centre after proper evaluation. Patients were evaluated for mode of delivery and neonatal outcome.Results: The maximum number 352 of patients belonged to 20-30 years age group, 113 patients belonged to 31-35 age group. 200 patients were of 37-40 weeks gestation and 185 were of 40-41 weeks gestation. There were 125 patients in the 41-42 weeks gestational period. Among the 500 pregnant mothers who were included in the study 82.6% had Normal NST, 11.6% had suspicious and 5.8% had pathological NST. Cesarean rate was 14.4% in normal NST group, 58.62% in suspicious group and 72.41% in pathological group study. 6.77% in Normal group had meconium stained liquor at delivery whereas 29.31% in suspicious group and 37.93% in pathological group had same.Conclusions: The non-stress test is an important screening tool to identity the fetus in jeopardy in utero. This enables an appropriate timely intervention to achieve the most favorable outcome.

Prácticas pa ra la prevención de accidentes en el hogar en cuidadores de niños de 1 a 5 años en un barrio de Cartagena (Colombia) / Practices for the prevention of accidents in the home in caregivers of children from 1 to 5 years in a district of Cartagena (Colombia)

Introducción: los accidentes en la población infantil constituyen una importante causa de morbilidad y mortalidad convirtiéndose hoy día en un problema de salud pública mundial, principalmente la población más afectada son los niños en etapa preescolar, por la vulnerabilidad y dependencia del cuidador. Objetivos: describir las prácticas para la prevención de accidentes en el hogar en cuidadores de niños de 1 a 5 años en un barrio de Cartagena (Colombia). Materiales y métodos: estudio cuantitativo descriptivo transversal. Constituido por 354 cuidadores de niños menores de 5 años, se utilizó la técnica de observación y la aplicación del instrumento con base a la práctica N° 15 de AIEPI (Atención Integrada a las Enfermedades Prevalentes de la Infancia). Resultados: socio demográficamente los cuidadores fueron principalmente de género femenino (87%), con 20 ­ 29 años de edad (44,9%), madres de los niños (61,3%), conviven en unión libre (54,2%), son bachilleres (50,3%), de estrato uno (91,8%), amas de casa (62,7%), con hijos (93,8%), residen en casas (54,5%). Los niños de 1 a 5 años fueron mayoritariamente de género masculino (51,7%), y han presentado accidentes (75,1%), sobre todo, caídas (61,9%). El nivel de riesgo de accidentes en el hogar fue bajo (85%), y las prácticas de prevención suelen ser regulares (55,1%). Conclusión: los niños enfrentan relativamente bajo riesgo de accidente en el hogar, sin embargo, las prácticas para prevenirlos resultan ser regulares..(AU)

Introduction: accidents in children are an important cause of morbidity and mortality,becoming today a global public health problem, mainly the most affected population are children in preschool, for the vulnerability and dependence of the caregiver. Objectives:to describe the practices for the prevention of accidents at home in caregivers of children from 1 to 5 years of age, in a neighborhood of Cartagena (Colombia). Materials and methods: quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study. Consisting of 354 caregivers of children under 5 years of age, the technique of observation and the application of the instrument was used based on practice No. 15 of IMCI (Integrated Management of Childhood Illness). Results: demographic partner caregivers were mainly female (87%), with 20 - 29 years of age (44.9%), mothers of children (61.3%), live together in a free union (54.2%), are high school graduates (50.3%), of stratum one (91.8%), housewives (62.7%), with children (93.8%), reside in houses (54.5%). Children from 1 to 5 years old were male (51.7%), and had accidents (75.1%), especially falls (61.9%). The level of accident risk in the home was low (85%), and prevention practices are usually regular (55.1%). Conclusion: children face relatively low risk of accident in the home, however, practices to prevent them turn out to be regular..(AU)

Postoperative Radioiodine Treatment within 9 Months from Diagnosis Significantly Reduces the Risk of Relapse in Low-Risk Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma / 대한핵의학회잡지

PURPOSE: Although postoperative radioiodine (RAI) therapy has been used in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) for many years, there is still lack of data defining the timing of RAI administration. A retrospective analysis was carried out to answer the question whether the time of postoperative RAI treatment demonstrated any impact on long-term outcomes, particularly in low-risk DTC.MATERIAL: The analyzed group involved 701 DTC patients staged pT(1b)-T₄N₀-N₁M₀, who underwent total thyroidectomy and postoperative RAI therapy. According to the time interval between DTC diagnosis and RAI administration, patients were allocated to one of three groups: up to 9 months (N = 150), between 9 and 24 months (N = 323), and > 24 months (N = 228). Median follow-up was 12.1 years (1.5−15.2).RESULTS: Based on an initial DTC advancement and postoperative stimulated thyroglobulin concentration patients were stratified as a low-, intermediate-, and high-risk group. Low-risk patients, who received RAI therapy up to 9 months, demonstrated significantly lower risk of relapse comparing to those, in whom RAI was administered between 9 and 24 months and after 24 months since DTC diagnosis: 0%, 5.5%, and 7.1%, respectively. Regarding intermediate- and high-risk groups, the differences in the timing of postoperative RAI treatment were not significant.CONCLUSION: If postoperative RAI treatment is considered in low-risk DTC, any delay in RAI administration above 9 months since diagnosis may be related to poorer long-term outcomes.